By CAH Medical | Sichuan, China
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Ⅰ. What does a craniomaxillofacial surgeon do?
Craniomaxillofacial surgery typically involves the following steps:
Preoperative evaluation and preparation
A detailed history and physical examination, including facial appearance and occlusion, are performed, along with cranial imaging studies (such as CT and MRI) to assess for abnormalities in the craniofacial skeleton. A personalized surgical plan is developed, and the patient and family are fully informed of the surgical risks, expected outcomes, and postoperative recovery process. Routine preoperative examinations, such as complete blood count, coagulation tests, and liver and kidney function tests, are performed, along with necessary oral preparation.
Anesthesia
The patient typically receives general anesthesia to ensure comfort and safety during surgery.
Incision planning
According to the surgical plan, appropriate incisions are designed in the scalp, face, or oral cavity to fully expose the craniofacial skeleton to be treated.
Bone incision and displacement
Bone incisions are made using appropriate instruments, and the bones are mobilized into the appropriate position.
Internal fixation
Internal fixation devices, such as titanium plates and screws, are used to secure the displaced bones in the correct position, ensuring stability and healing.
Incision closure
After bone reduction and fixation, the incision is carefully closed. Soft tissue repair and reconstruction may be necessary. Postoperative care includes hemostasis, drainage tube placement, and wound suturing. After surgery, the patient's vital signs must be closely monitored, infection prevention measures must be implemented, and appropriate rehabilitation training must be provided.
Ⅱ. What is the scope of Craniomaxillofacial surgery?
The scope of craniomaxillofacial surgery includes the following aspects:
Classification by location of deformity: Deformities can be categorized as those of the skull, forehead, ethmoid sinus, maxilla, zygomatic bone, nasal bone, lateral orbital wall, and mandible.
Classification by etiology: Basilar invagination is caused by congenital or acquired factors and can be further divided into developmental and acquired causes. Developmental basilar invagination is a self-limiting condition in infants that gradually improves and disappears with age; acquired forms are often caused by trauma, tumors, and other factors. Based on the location of the deformity, it can be further divided into midline basilar invagination and non-midline basilar invagination.
Classification by clinical manifestations: Examples include progressive severe developmental craniofacial and mandibular malformations (also known as Crouzon syndrome), benign congenital cranial deformities (also known as Crouzon type I), Crouzon type II, Crouzon type III, congenital overgrowth (also known as Klippel-Feil syndrome), and brachycephaly. Based on X-ray classification, there are simple alveolar clefts and complex alveolar clefts. Based on pathological changes, there are complete and incomplete cleft palates.
Based on severity, there are grades I, II, III, and IV. Generally speaking, grade I is milder, while grade IV is more severe.
Cosmetic surgeries include high zygomatic bone reduction surgery, mandibular angle hypertrophy surgery (to change a square face to an oval face), and horizontal chin osteotomy and advancement surgery (to correct a small chin).
Surgical procedures include tooth extraction, alveolar abscess incision and drainage, tumor resection, cleft lip and palate repair, tongue hypertrophy correction, and jaw cyst removal.
In summary, the scope of craniomaxillofacial surgery is very broad, covering a wide range of conditions, from congenital deformities to acquired injuries, and from functional repair to cosmetic surgery.
Post time: Oct-16-2025
